Prevenire gli Infortuni si può?

Gli infortuni avvengono come conseguenza eccessiva fatica, un infortunio precedente, mancanza di un’adeguata preparazione fisica e , occasionalmente , sfortuna.

Gli infortuni non possono essere prevenuti in toto, ma il rischio di infortuni può essere sicuramente diminuito.Gli infortuni al sistema muscoloscheletrico avvengono perché i tessuti vengono sottoposti ad uno stress maggiore di quanto potrebbero sopportare. Di conseguenza, lo scopo della prevenzione infortuni è:
1-Trovare dei sistemi per ridurre lo stress acuto o cronico a cui potrebbero essere sottoposti i tessuti  e/o
2-aumentare lo stress che un tessuto può tollerare prima di cedere
È chiaro che alcuni tessuti sono più plastici di altri e riescono ad adattarsi meglio allo stress. Per esempio i legamenti sono meno plastici dei muscoli. Per ridurre il rischio di infortuni di un legamento, bisogna ridurre lo stress a cui è sottoposto lavorando sull’aspetto biomeccanico del gesto atletico.Mentre per ridurre il rischio di infortuni di un muscolo, dovremo cercare di aumentare la sua capacita di sopportare lo stress ricercando gli adattamenti necessari con una buona programmazione.
Nel mio studio ci occupiamo di entrambi questi aspetti che sono fondamentali durante la normale attività sportiva sia in fase di recupero da un infortunio

Ridurre lo stresso biomeccanico sulle strutture meno plastiche


Ci sono due modi per ridurre lo stress sulle strutture muscolo-scheletriche. Il primo è assicurarsi che il movimento che l’atleta sta facendo non crei una forza eccessiva sul tessuto che non è in grado di tollerare .Per ottenere questo bisogna avere una conoscenza dell’anatomia funzionale e della biomecanica in maniera da correggere eventuali squilibri nei pattern di movimento che potrebbero creare un eccessivo stress.

Controllo della Fatica 


Il secondo modo per ridurre lo stress sulle strutture muscolo scheletriche è controllare la fatica che l’atleta sta subendo. L’eccessiva fatica può ridurre la capacita muscolare di generare un grado di forza ampio e veloce e riduce i tempi di reazione, concentrazione e la propriocezione a livello articolare. Tutti questi fattori possono ridurre la capacità di un atleta di tollerare lo stress, indotto dal’allenamento o dalla prestazione, attraverso specifiche strutture nel sistema muscoloscheletrico. Di conseguenza gestire la fatica è una componente vitale per ridurre il rischio di infortuni.

Aumentare la tollera allo sforzo

Ridurre lo stress sul sistema muscoloscheletrico  è uno degli approcci per ridurre il rischio di infortuni, ma bisogna comprendere che una riduzione eccessiva risulterebbe uno stimolo insufficiente per creare degli adattamenti e ridurre l’opportunità di un guadagno tecnico.Bisogna comprendere la natura dell’infortunio e programmare un corretto allenamento in base allo sport o integrare con lavori specifici. 

Tratto e tradotto da Sport Injury prevention and rehabilitation di David Joyce e Daniel Lewindon

6 commenti
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