Un approccio integrato alla gestione del mal di schiena: l’osteopatia, la fisioterapia e il movimento
Autore : Alan Jon Falsini Fisioterapista e Osteopata
Introduzione:
Il mal di schiena è una delle problematiche più comuni e debilitanti che affligge un gran numero di persone , di tutte le età, di ogni classe sociale . Affrontare efficacemente questa patologia richiede un approccio che consideri l’aspetto biopsicosociale, l’analisi biomeccanica e il movimento. L’integrazione tra questi aspetti permette di affrontare e risolvere efficacemente il problema.
Approccio biopsicosociale:
L’osteopatia e la fisioterapia adottano un approccio biopsicosociale per trattare il mal di schiena. Il dolore lombare non viene considerato soltanto un problema fisico, ma uno stato influenzato da fattori psicologici e sociali che vanno indagati e considerati nella strategia terapeutica . L’obiettivo è quello di individuare le cause del dolore, lo stress, le abitudini posturali, il livello di attività fisica, …… Importante valutare e considerare il contesto sociale, al fine di personalizzare il trattamento.
Metodo McGill:
Il metodo McGill (sviluppato dallo specialista Stuart Mc Gill) si basa sull’analisi biomeccanica della colonna vertebrale e sulla rieducazione del movimento. Si identificano i meccanismi che possono portare al mal di schiena, come l’instabilità, la perdita di forza muscolare e le cattive abitudini posturali; quindi si definiscono, in funzione dell’analisi effettuata, esercizi specifici per migliorare la stabilità e la forza della colonna vertebrale, riducendo così il rischio di lesioni e il dolore. L’approccio di McGill mette l’accento sulla biomeccanica e sulla stabilità della colonna vertebrale. Attraverso esercizi specifici, mira a rinforzare i muscoli profondi del tronco e a migliorare la funzionalità della colonna vertebrale.
Functional Movement Screen (FMS):
L’approccio del Functional Movement Screen (FMS) è un altro strumento integrativo nella gestione del mal di schiena. Il FMS valuta la mobilità, la stabilità e il controllo motorio attraverso una serie di test di movimento. Questo aiuta a identificare eventuali limitazioni o disfunzioni nel sistema muscolo-scheletrico che potrebbero contribuire al mal di schiena. Sulla base dei risultati, vengono prescritti esercizi e terapie specifici per migliorare la qualità del movimento e ridurre il dolore.
Approccio integrato attraverso il movimento:
L’osteopatia, la fisioterapia, il metodo McGill e il FMS, tutti riconoscono l’importanza del movimento nel trattamento del mal di schiena. L’esercizio fisico mirato e personalizzato è fondamentale per ristabilire la forza muscolare, la stabilità e la flessibilità della colonna vertebrale. Attraverso l’allenamento, mirato a eliminare le cause identificate del mal di schiena, si promuove la corretta meccanica del movimento, si risolve il dolore e l’impotenza funzionale, si riduce il rischio di recidive.
Conclusioni:
L’ integrazione tra osteopatia, fisioterapia e movimento rappresenta l’approccio più efficace per stabilire le cause e la terapia più appropriata del mal di schiena
Combinando l’analisi dei fattori biopsicosociali (proposta da O’Sullivan) con quella biomeccanica e con gli esercizi specifici ( proposti da McGill) , si crea un approccio completo che tiene conto delle diverse cause e condizioni che portano alla patologia e ciò fornisce una solida base per un programma di trattamento personalizzato e completo.
Il successo del trattamento è in gran parte legato al coinvolgimento del paziente: l’educazione del paziente e l’incoraggiamento alla partecipazione attiva nel processo di guarigione sono aspetti chiave di questo approccio. Ecco quindi che l’osteopata e il fisioterapista devono acquisire alcuni semplici strumenti relazionali per motivare il paziente ( assenza di giudizio, uso di metafore, usare un linguaggio non tecnico, valorizzare i progressi ….)
È importante sottolineare che ogni paziente è un individuo unico e che potrebbero essere necessarie variazioni nell’applicazione di queste metodologie. La consulenza di un professionista qualificato e l’individuazione di un piano di trattamento su misura rimangono fondamentali per ottenere i migliori risultati nel gestire il mal di schiena.
Autore : Alan Jon Falsini Fisioterapista e Osteopata
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References:
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