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Lo strappo muscolare cos’è, come curarlo, come evitarlo

Fisioterapia e Osteopatia a Brescia

Lo strappo muscolare, insieme alla contrattura muscolare , è una delle lesioni del muscolo più frequenti in chi pratica sport. Lo strappo muscolare accade quando le fibre muscolari non sono in grado di far fronte alle richieste imposte da un sovraccarico di esercizio.

Lo strappo muscolare può essere un evento molto doloroso perché determina una vera e propria rottura delle fibre muscolari. Si verifica principalmente come risultato di una potente contrazione o di un eccessivo allungamento del muscolo. Pertanto è tipico degli sport senza contatto, con caratteristiche dinamiche come lo sprint e il salto.

Ogni muscolo scheletrico del corpo può essere vittima di uno strappo muscolare, ma generalmente i muscoli più coinvolti sono quelli degli arti inferiori (flessori, bicipite femorale, quadricipite, adduttore, gemello) o degli arti superiori (tricipite brachiale, deltoide e pettorale), raramente quelli della colonna e del distretto addominale. Il fisioterapista è in grado di valutare e andare ad agire su uno strappo muscolare.

Cosa è lo strappo muscolare

Gli strappi muscolari interessano solo i muscoli scheletrici, ossia i muscoli striati volontari che permettono il movimento e il mantenimento della postura del corpo. I muscoli scheletrici hanno dimensioni e forme diverse. I più grandi possono essere composti da centinaia di migliaia di fibre. Quando queste fibre si rompono, si parla di strappo muscolare.

La capacità del muscolo di accorciarsi e quindi di compiere le proprie funzioni, si definisce contrazione muscolare. La combinazione di contrazione muscolare e rilassamento è coordinata dal sistema nervoso, ossia durante la contrazione muscolare si verifica un accoppiamento elettromeccanico dove l’impulso nervoso viene propagato alla cellula muscolare e convertito in movimento. I muscoli scheletrici hanno la caratteristica di saper rispondere con eccezionale velocità agli impulsi nervosi, contraendosi rapidamente e intensamente. Pertanto sono gli impulsi nervosi che consentono agli atleti di correre, calciare, lanciare, ma anche semplicemente camminare e respirare.

Se l’impulso nervoso però determina uno sforzo in allungamento che il muscolo non è pronto a fare, si verifica lo strappo muscolare.

Lo strappo muscolare è, pertanto, una lesione indotta dalla contrazione muscolare causata da un intenso stress meccanico. Il muscolo che subisce uno strappo può non essere pronto perché non è adeguatamente allenato, o riscaldato oppure semplicemente perché inizia a essere stanco a fine allenamento.

Lo strappo muscolare può riguardare qualsiasi muscolo scheletrico del corpo, ma generalmente sono più soggetti a strappo i muscoli di gambe e braccia. Eccezionalmente si osservano strappi a muscoli di addome e schiena.

Peggiore è la tensione, più fibre muscolari vengono strappate. In caso di grave tensione, l’intero muscolo potrebbe rompersi e strapparsi letteralmente a metà.

Classificazione degli strappi muscolari

La gravità di uno strappo muscolare può essere valutata in base al numero di fibre danneggiate, ma anche in base alla perdita di forza e flessibilità del paziente.

Possiamo quindi classificare gli strappi muscolari in:

  • Strappo muscolare di I grado: il numero di fibre danneggiate è basso. Non c’è diminuzione della forza e della flessibilità nel paziente. La lieve lesione determina poco dolore e consente di proseguire l’attività fisica. Sarebbe comunque meglio interromperla e far valutare la lesione a personale medico al fine di evitare un peggioramento della condizione. Quando il numero delle fibre rotte è inferiore al 5% si parla di distrazione muscolare.
  • Strappo muscolare di II grado: il numero di fibre danneggiate è maggiore (tra il 5% e il 50%). Si avverte un forte dolore nella zona interessata e nella maggior parte dei casi c’è la formazione di un ematoma (a volte non visibile). Questo grado di lesioni determina una significativa perdita di forza e movimento, risulta quindi impossibile continuare l’attività fisica. Anche a riposo l’area colpita può essere contratta, rigida e dolorante.
  • Strappo muscolare di III grado: rottura completa o subtotale (3/4 delle fibre) di un muscolo. Si avverte dolore molto intenso, impotenza funzionale e si osserva la formazione di un ematoma importante. Si può anche notare un avvallamento nella sede della lesione. Queste lesioni a volte richiedono un intervento chirurgico.
  • Infine si parla di stiramento (o elongazione muscolare) quando non vi è rottura delle fibre muscolari, ma solo un allungamento forzato: le fibre non si rompono ma si trovano costrette oltre la loro capacità elastica.

Cause degli strappi muscolari

La causa principale di uno strappo muscolare è un uso del muscolo oltre le sue possibilità.

Vediamo in dettaglio le cause degli strappi muscolari:

  • Movimenti bruschi e violenti.
  • Azione sbagliata durante attività fisica (salto, perdita di equilibrio, lancio).
  • Mancanza della fase di riscaldamento prima dell’attività fisica.
  • Mancanza della fase di stretching dopo l’attività fisica.
  • Preparazione fisica non idonea (età, tonicità muscolare, problemi articolari, squilibri posturali e muscolari).
  • Condizioni ambientali sfavorevoli (sbalzi di temperatura, umidità).
  • Postura scorretta.
  • Scarsa flessibilità.
  • Abbigliamento e calzature non adatte.
  • Mancanza di coordinazione.

Gli strappi muscolari delle gambe sono più comuni nelle persone che praticano sport come la corsa, la danza e lo sci nautico. Possono verificarsi strappi ai muscoli dell’addome quando si gioca a pallavolo, tennis, golf o baseball o durante le immersioni. Strappi lombari si osservano negli sport in cui vengono sollevati oggetti pesanti o durante la lotta.

Sebbene il rischio di strappo muscolare sia particolarmente elevato durante le attività sportive, si può verificare anche sollevando un carico pesante o semplicemente scendendo da un marciapiede.

Sintomi

I sintomi degli strappi muscolari includono:

  • Dolore acuto e improvviso che peggiora mentre si contrae il muscolo.
  • Perdita di forza e libertà di movimento.
  • Impotenza funzionale.
  • Gonfiore, lividi o arrossamento.
  • Dolore a riposo.
  • Incapacità di usare il muscolo.

Quando il muscolo subisce uno strappo, i pazienti spesso riferiscono un dolore simile a quello di una “pugnalata”.Come curare uno strappo muscolare

Il trattamento di uno strappo muscolare dipende dalla diagnosi accurata del medico e la valutazione del fisioterapista. La gravità dello strappo e le conseguenze a cui il muscolo infortunato dovrà far fronte influiranno sulla durata del processo di guarigione e della riabilitazione.

Il grado di lesione di uno strappo muscolare e la terapia più adeguata possono essere stabiliti solo tramite un’ecografia.

La cura dello strappo muscolare prevede 2 fasi:

FASE 1

Il trattamento di prima linea per uno strappo muscolare nella fase acuta comprende cinque passaggi comunemente elencati nell’acronimo noto come P.R.I.C.E. dove:

  • P sta per PROTEZIONE, ossia proteggere la lesione da ulteriori traumi, applicando una morbida imbottitura per ridurre al minimo l’impatto con eventuali oggetti
  • R sta per RIPOSO, il riposo è necessario per accelerare la guarigione e ridurre il rischio di recidive
  • I sta per ICE (GHIACCIO), applicare ghiaccio per indurre la vasocostrizione, contrastare l’infiammazione e far diminuire il dolore (mai per più di 20 minuti alla volta)
  • C sta per COMPRESSIONE, avvolgere la zona interessata con una fasciatura morbida per ridurre ulteriormente il flusso sanguigno e favorire il drenaggio linfatico
  • E sta per ELEVAZIONE, tenere il muscolo elevato nei momenti di riposo per favorire il ritorno del sangue venoso alla circolazione sistemica.

A questo primo trattamento può essere associata una terapia aggiuntiva con farmaci FANS come ibuprofene e/o paracetamolo che agiscono per ridurre l’infiammazione immediata (previa consultazione con medico o farmacista).

FASE 2

Finita la fase acuta, il fisioterapista può intervenire e attuare la fase di riabilitazione che si realizza in pratiche riabilitative o mediante terapia fisica.

Le pratiche riabilitative prevedono un iniziale rinforzo specifico e indolore della zona interessata, ma non solo. Si andranno, infatti, ad allenare anche i muscoli profondi della schiena e dell’addome, che hanno il compito di dare stabilità ai movimenti delle articolazioni di arti superiori e inferiori. Successivamente il fisioterapista proporrà al paziente esercizi di rinforzo specifici via via sempre più intensi fino a riallenare il gesto che ha prodotto la lesione.

Le terapie fisiche adottate dai fisioterapisti in casi di strappi muscolari sono:

  • Tecarterapia;
  • Elettroterapia come la TENS;
  • Onde d’urto;
  • Laser;
  • Magnetoterapia;
  • Kinesio taping.

Solitamente nelle prime fasi si lavora a livello perimetrale rispetto alla lesione.

Infine è sempre consigliato un programma di mantenimento. Tornare all’attività sportiva in maniera indolore può far dimenticare il lavoro di riabilitazione e prevenzione svolto. Sarebbe auspicabile continuare a osservare le pratiche suggerite dal fisioterapista per evitare ulteriori infortuni.

Lesioni muscolari complete possono portare a una significativa compromissione funzionale e richiedere un intervento chirurgico.

Inoltre, sulla base dell’esperienza clinica, si è osservato che iniezioni di plasma ricco di piastrine sono in grado di aiutare ad accelerare la rigenerazione del tessuto muscolare danneggiato.

Prevenire lo strappo muscolare

Assumendo alcune precauzioni è possibile diminuire la probabilità di subire uno strappo muscolare:

  • Fare stretching dopo l’attività fisica.
  • Riscaldare sempre i muscoli prima dell’attività fisica.
  • Se si inizia un nuovo sport, sviluppare l’attività un po’ alla volta.
  • Comprendere i limiti del proprio corpo.
  • Non rimanere seduti in una posizione troppo a lungo.
  • Sollevare gli oggetti con attenzione.
  • Prendere precauzioni per evitare cadute (come tenere i corrimano sulle scale, evitare superfici scivolose e mantenere i pavimenti sgombri).
  • Perdere peso se si è in sovrappeso.
  • Indossare scarpe della misura giusta.

Dopo una lesione muscolare è fondamentale eseguire un percorso riabilitativo mirato, non solo fino alla scomparsa del sintomo. È importante seguire le indicazioni del fisioterapista anche nelle fasi avanzate del trattamento per un recupero funzionale completo, necessario per una riduzione importante delle eventuali recidive.

Nella fase post-acuta il fisioterapista potrà utilizzare diverse tecniche o metodiche riabilitative per ottimizzare i risultati quali:

riabilitazione propriocettiva;

massoterapia;

esercizio o allenamento terapeutico; terapia mio-fasciale;

Articolo tratto da www.fisioterapiaitalia.com

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    You would possibly need to consider some methods and/or dietary supplements to handle your side
    effects, particularly Estrogen, ldl cholesterol, and blood strain. Sustanon is
    simply pure Testosterone, and so, the very very first thing you want to realize is that it can technically
    be used as TRT if dosed and managed correctly. That said,
    you’ll find a way to of course use it in cycles for the tremendous physiological benefits.
    Since this product is loaded with testosterone it enhances your metabolism which leads to less amount of physique mass accumulation than with
    other mass-building products.
    Not everybody suffers from roid rage, however it’s a better possibility when you’re already a livewire with a
    brief temper. Moreover, due to attainable issues with prolactin being elevated, which might
    eliminate the libido, a prolactin antagonist is commonly really helpful for use with
    Tren to help keep the sex drive. If you’re going to run a Trenbolone cycle,
    try my full Trenbolone Acetate cycle guide. The half-life of each ester is amongst
    the primary differences between them. Cypionate has a half-life
    of approximately 8 days, whereas Enanthate and
    Propionate have a short elimination half-life of about four.5 days.
    For example, Testosterone Undecanoate has a protracted half-life of over
    20 days, and Phenylpropionate has a brief half-life of less than three
    days.
    It’s necessary to notice that these uncommonside results may not happen in each individual, and their occurrence can beinfluenced by components corresponding to dosage, length of use, and individual response.
    Nevertheless, should you’re a bodybuilder or an athlete wanting to make use of Sustanon in your health objectives, I Would suggest this efficient Sustanon product.
    First, the mix may be unpredictable, which signifies that you may not all the time get the identical dose from one injection to the following.

    Sustanon is solely one of many attainable TRT options, and there is no
    one-size-fits-all resolution for testosterone alternative.
    Studies have shown that Sustanon may be an efficient TRT for some individuals.
    In addition, Sustanon also can assist to improve your temper and vitality
    levels, and might even contribute to raised sleep.

    Enclomiphene is my choice nowadays – it’s a newer SERM with
    fewer unwanted effects. A commonplace dosing schedule is 25mg every day for weeks 1-5 and 12.5mg for
    week 6. Because EQ will result in suppression of pure testosterone manufacturing, post-cycle remedy is required after
    your cycle to stimulate the normal functioning of testosterone once more.
    Anadrol isn’t a dry AAS, and it’ll cause water retention for that portion of the cycle.
    However the upside is the pumped-up, full look Anadrol provides whereas EQ takes its time to
    kick in to start leaning you out and enhancing vascularity.

    Testosterone Isocaproate can be a medium-acting ester with a half-life of about four days.
    This ester just isn’t obtainable as a person product however solely consumed in formulation like Sustanon and other combined testosterone
    ester preparations. Or you’ll be able to go for a CrazyBulk
    complement like Testo-Max, which is produced from all-natural ingredients and helps to extend your
    testosterone ranges safely and naturally. What Testosterone Enanthate
    is thought for is the power to trigger mass features and is stacked with different steroids in a cycle very properly.

    The activity of antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged in the liver of trained rats, and no vital modifications had been noticed in the levels of those elements between sedentary and educated rats.
    Therefore, it’s indicated that the increase of antioxidant exercise was
    not because of the resistance train training. This observation is in maintaining with previously reported outcomes [14, 26–28].
    However, there are conflicting reports of detecting
    decrease [29] or increase [29–31] within the liver antioxidant exercise
    in response to exercise coaching. The purpose for these apparent discrepancies isn’t clear, however it could be related to the variations in the depth and/or length of the train sessions employed in the aforementioned studies.

  5. best non steroid supplement for muscle growth
    best non steroid supplement for muscle growth dice:

    A really helpful supplement is TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid), which we have seen effectively lower raised liver
    enzymes, decreasing hepatic stress. The major goal of this cycle is to arrange
    the body for the subsequent cycle, which is able to
    yield greater gains. Anavar (oxandrolone) is arguably the
    safest of all steroids for novices, with it failing to trigger
    extreme ranges of cardiovascular and hepatic pressure.

    We have had success with aromatase inhibitors (AIs), similar to Arimidex, to
    significantly lower the possibilities of gynecomastia occurring.
    However, a downside to taking AIs is that they will exacerbate hypertension. We
    have seen customers achieve 20 lbs from an preliminary testosterone cycle.

    There is no denying the exhausting work that even pro degree bodybuilders should do to bring their finest physique on stage.
    These guys are nonetheless going by way of cycles of bulking (and gaining fats still), and having to diet
    down. In my journey to understand potential muscle gains, I’ve found that it varies significantly from person to person, depending
    on elements like genetics, food regimen, coaching depth, and consistency.
    Most research means that a beginner could expect to gain 2-3lbs of lean muscle per month naturally, equating to roughly 12-18lbs in six months.

    Nonetheless, seasoned gym-goers might even see slower progress because of their bodies already being accustomed to training.
    It Is crucial to do not neglect that sustainable and wholesome
    muscle progress takes time, and each person’s journey will look completely different.

    Hell, every inch of them appeared lean and tapered all the method down to the proper ‘v’ form.

    People with diabetes whose bodies don’t produce enough insulin usually use
    supplemental insulin to compensate for this.

    Therefore, if you choose to use insulin, administer it only
    during waking hours when you’ll find a way to compensate
    for a drop in blood sugar by consuming carbs. You should never administer insulin before you
    go to sleep.
    These synthetic substances, much like male hormones, are
    alleged to be prescribed for certain well being points. For instance, they assist these with delayed puberty or illnesses that trigger muscle loss.

    They do this to get better at sports activities or look more muscular.
    This sort of misuse can harm your health and get you into legal bother.
    This would depend on your present food plan, your objectives, and the
    anabolic steroids taken. In our expertise, bulking steroid cycles are
    complemented by a small calorie surplus food plan.
    Vital will increase, aside from peak PRL, continued at 2 and 8
    weeks of therapy. GH and PRL (peak and area underneath the
    curve values) had been considerably increased after the preliminary dose of MK-677.
    The effects of GH on bone and muscle in GH-replete people have been studied much less fully.
    The men acquired injections of 600 mg of testosterone enanthate or placebo weekly for 10
    weeks. (As stated earlier, peptides categorized by the World
    Anti-Doping Company (WADA) as either unapproved for human use (SO) or peptide
    hormones and progress elements (S2)). Peptides and steroids are regulated in a unique way
    depending on the place you’re.
    The patient was taking dozens of different medication (including a number
    of anabolic agents, however not AAS specifically)
    and dietary supplements, but not leisure drugs [167]. Skilled bodybuilders often use advanced and high-dosage anabolic steroid cycles, which are normally tailored to their particular targets, whether it’s bulking, chopping, or making
    ready for a contest. Anabolic steroids are synthetic medicine replicating the effect of testosterone to
    increase fats loss, muscle mass, power, and efficiency.

    While anabolic steroids have their purposes in medication, they also proceed to
    attract bodybuilders & athletes because of the potential to spice up their body and efficiency.

    When androgen ranges are insufficient, nitric oxide (NO) concentrations lower.
    Sufficient NO manufacturing is essential for the supply of blood to penile tissue.

    Anadrol immediately stimulates estrogen receptors,
    causing noticeable amounts of extracellular fluid retention. For this reason, individuals primarily use Anadrol as an low season bulking steroid.

    In this regard, they can be categorized on the idea of their esters (or their major chemical compound), viz., short-term and
    long-term. On the brilliant facet, regulated amounts of HGH can enhance the pure collagen present in your pores and skin for noticeable anti-aging advantages.
    Moreover, it could possibly improve tissue dimension, which is why your
    nose could look longer after taking HGH for some time. Earlier
    Than we walk you through the numerous transformation in individuals who have relied heavily on steroids
    to achieve their physique targets, let us first introduce you to steroids.

    However as lots of our readers could already know, such compounds can cause significant changes in physique composition.
    Some prefer this method as the level of anonymity could be very high.
    In spite of the high scam fee, online best non steroid supplement for muscle growth dealing continues
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